Effects of primary preventive treatment under endoscope for esophageal and gastric varices on bleeding rate and its relevant factors / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To investigate the effects of primary preventive treatment under endoscope for esophageal and gastric varices on bleeding rate and its relevant factors. Methods: 127 cases with liver cirrhosis accompanied with esophageal and gastric varices without bleeding history were included in the endoscopic and non-endoscopic treatment group, respectively. Informed consent was obtained from both groups. Gastric varices (Lgf) and esophageal varices (Leg) were diagnosed according to LDRf classification criteria, and the corresponding treatment scheme was selected according to the recommended principle of this method.The incidence rate of bleeding from ruptured esophageal varices were observed at 3, 6 months, and 1, and 2 years in the treated and the untreated group, and the patients with different Child-Pugh scores were followed-up for 2 years. Gender, age, etiology, varicose degree, Child-Pugh grade, platelet count, prothrombin activity, portal vein thrombosis, collateral circulation, portal vein width and other factors affecting the bleeding rate were assessed. Measurement data were described as mean ± standard deviation (x¯±s), and qualitative data of categorical variables were expressed as percentage (%), and χ2 test was used. Results: 127 cases were followed up for 2 years. There were 55 cases in the endoscopic treatment group (18 cases underwent band ligation, 2 cases underwent band ligation combined with tissue adhesive embolization, 28 cases underwent sclerotherapy, and 7 cases underwent sclerotherapy combined with tissue adhesive embolization). Recurrent bleeding and hemorrhage was occurred in 5 (9.1%) and 28 cases (38.9%), respectively (P<0.05). In addition, there were 72 cases in the untreated group (P<0.05). Severe varicose veins proportions in treated and untreated group were 91.1% and 85.1%, respectively (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in liver cirrhosis-related medication and β-blocker therapy between the treated and untreated group (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the bleeding rate between the different treated groups (P>0.05). The bleeding rates at 3, 6 months, 1, and 2 years in endoscopic treated and untreated group were 2.00% vs. 2.59% (P>0.05), 2.30% vs. 5.88% (P>0.05), 3.10% vs. 7.55% (P>0.05) and 4.00% vs. 21.62% (P<0.05), respectively. All patients with Child-Pugh grade A, B and C in the treated and the untreated group were followed-up for 2 years, and the bleeding rates were 1.8% vs. 8.1% (P<0.05), 1.1% vs. 9.4% (P<0.05) and 9.1% vs. 10.1% (P>0.05), respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the rupture and bleeding of esophageal and gastric varices, varices degree, Child-Pugh grade and presence or absence of thrombosis formation in portal vein (P<0.05); however, no statistically significant differences in gender, age, etiology, platelet count, prothrombin activity, collateral circulation and portal vein width (P>0.05). There was no intraoperative bleeding and postoperative related serious complications in the treated group. Conclusion: The risk of initial episodes of bleeding from esophageal and gastric varices is significantly correlated with the varices degree, Child-Pugh grade, and portal vein thrombosis. Primary preventive treatment under endoscope is safe and effective for reducing the long-term variceal bleeding risk from esophageal and gastric varices.

Inhibitory Effect of Liuwei Dihuangwan on Triple-negative Breast Cancer Through MAPKKK1 and KLF4 / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the underlying mechanism of Liuwei Dihuangwan in inhibiting triple-negative breast cancer through mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 （MAPKKK1） and Krüppel-like factor 4 （KLF4）. MethodFour hundreds SPF female Kunming mice aged 11.5 months were palpated once every 3 days. The model mice of spontaneous tumors were randomly divided into a model group （normal saline）， a paclitaxel group （0.025 g·kg-1·d-1， ip， 21 days）， and high-， medium- and low-dose Liuwei Dihuangwan groups （7.2， 3.6， 1.8 g·kg-1·d-1， ig）. Tumor tissues were separated until the moribund stage. The tumor volume and weight were measured， and the tumor inhibition rate and the survival time of the tumor mice were calculated （after 6 months， tumor-free mice were assigned into the normal group）. SPF SD rats were selected to prepare serum samples containing Liuwei Dihuangwan of different concentrations for cell culture， and MAPKKK1 in MDA-MB-231 cells was silenced. The protein expression of MAPKKK1 and KLF4 was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot. ResultThe in vivo experimental results showed that compared with the conditions of the normal group， the protein expression of MAPKKK1 and KLF4 in tumor tissues of the model group dropped （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， all medication groups showed reduced tumor volume and weight （P<0.05， P<0.01）， increased tumor inhibition rate， prolonged survival time of tumor mice （P<0.05）， and increased protein expression of MAPKKK1 （P<0.01）. Additionally， the paclitaxel group and the high-dose Liuwei Dihuangwan group exhibited increased protein expression of KLF4 （P<0.01）. The in vitro experiments showed that compared with the conditions of the normal group， the fluorescence intensities of MAPKKK1 and KLF4 in MDA-MB-231 cells in all medication groups were potentiated， and the protein expression of MAPKKK1 in the paclitaxel group and the high- and medium-dose Liuwei Dihuangwan groups， and the protein expression of KLF4 in the paclitaxel group and high-dose Liuwei Dihuangwan group increased （P<0.01）. After silencing of MAPKKK1， compared with the conditions of the negative plasmid group （unsilenced MAPKKK1）， the fluorescence intensities of MAPKKK1 and KLF4 and the protein expression decreased in the RNAi-27 positive plasmid group （silenced MAPKKK1） （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the RNAi-27 positive plasmid group， all medication groups had enhanced fluorescence intensities of MAPKKK1 and KLF4 and protein expression to different degrees （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionLiuwei Dihuangwan can inhibit the growth of triple-negative breast cancer， and the underlying molecular mechanism is related to the up-regulation of MAPKKK1 and activation of KLF4 expression.

Systematic Study on Molecular Mechanism of Aconitum Alkaloid in Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of chemical compound of aconitum alkaloid on the lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced inflammatory response of RAW264.7 macrophages and investigate its mechanism. Method:The chemical compounds of Aconitum Kusnezoffii Reichb were collected from TCMSP database with consideration of oral bioavailability （OB）≥30% and drug-likeness （DL）≥0.18. The potential targets of each chemical component were predicted with use of Pubchem database and Swiss Target Prediction database. Rheumatoid arthritis （RA） targets were collected from GeneCards database and selected by intersection screening. Gene ontology （GO） classification enrichment and Pathway enrichment analysis were carried out with use of DAVID database. Cytoscape was used to construct "Chemical Compound-Potential Targets-Pathway-Disease" network. Protein-protein interaction （PPI） network was constructed by using STRING database and Cytoscape software. RAW264.7 macrophages were stimulated by LPS to establish macrophage inflammation model <italic>in vitro</italic>. Western blot was used to detect the effects of chemical compounds on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-<italic>α</italic> （TNF-<italic>α</italic>） and cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） in RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS， as well as on the expression of JAK kinase and nuclear transcription factor- kappa B （NF-<italic>κ</italic>B） signal pathway. Result:A total of 27 chemical compounds were obtained by searching TCMSP database and consulting literature （OB≥30%， DL≥0.18）. 12 chemical compounds were obtained after screening. 177 potential targets were obtained after database prediction and screening， and 97 targets were obtained as potential targets for the treatment of RA after intersection between 177 potential targets and 4 329 RA targets. A total of 32 biological processes （BP）， 5 cellular components （CC）， and 12 molecular functions （MF） were enriched by DAVID database. The construction of network topology map showed that different chemical compounds can act on the same target and the same chemical compound can also act on different targets in the treatment of RA. Aconitum alkaloid can be connected with the same pathway through different targets or with different pathways through the same target， indicating that different targets may have synergistic effect， which fully reflected the complex multi-compound， multi-targets and multi-pathways mechanism. Different concentrations of LPS in stimulation （0-200 μg·L^-1） can significantly up-regulate the expression of COX-2 protein in RAW264.7 macrophages （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， indicating that the inflammatory model was successful. Compared with the normal group， the expression of TNF-<italic>α</italic> and COX-2 protein in the inflammatory model of RAW264.7 cells increased significantly（<italic>P</italic><0.05）， while the expression of TNF-<italic>α</italic> and COX-2 protein in bulleyaconitine A（BLA）， songorine， yunaconitine and karacoline groups decreased in varying degrees compared with the model group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Compared with the normal group， the expression of IRAK4， NF-<italic>κ</italic>B， JAK1 and STAT3 in the inflammatory model of RAW264.7 cells were significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， while such levels in BulleyaconitineA， songorine， yunaconitine and Karacoline groups were significantly lower than those in the model group（<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Conclusion:Based on systematic pharmacology and <italic>in vitro</italic> experiments， the related targets and signal pathways were analyzed to provide new insights into the pathogenesis of RA， reveal the molecular mechanism of aconitum alkaloid in the treatment of RA， and provide new ideas for the application of Mongolian medicine in modern medicine.

Clinical value of TDI combined with 2D-STI on evaluating the microcirculation dysfunction and left ventricular dysfunction in patients with non-obstructive coronary angina / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To explore the value of tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) combined with two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI) at rest on evaluating microcirculation dysfunction and left ventricular dysfunction in patients with angina and no obstructive coronary artery disease(ANOCA). Methods: This retrospective study recruited 78 ANOCA patients, who hospitalized in the People's Hospital of Liaoning Province from August 2019 to July 2021. These patients underwent conventional echocardiography examination, including TDI and 2D-STI, to evaluate the left ventricular dysfunction, and adenosine stress echocardiography (SE) to evaluate the coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR). ANOCA patients were divided into coronary microcirculation dysfunction CMD group (CFVR<2) and control group (CFVR≥2) according to CFVR. Clinical data, routine echocardiographic parameters, TDI parameters including isovolumic contraction time (IVCT), isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), ejection time (ET), and STI parameters including global longitudinal peak strain (GLS), time to peak (TTP); peak strain dispersion (PSD) were compared between the two groups. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of CMD and the predictive value of each parameter to construct a joint prediction model for the diagnosis of CMD in this patient cohort. Results: The mean age was (55.5±11.2) years, 43 (55%) patients were females in this patient cohort, 38 (49%) patienst were didvided into the CMD group and 40 (51%) into the control group. Age, prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and smokers were significantly higher in the CMD group than in the control group (all P<0.05). Tei index was higher, IVCT and TTP were longer, PSD was higher, ET was shorter, and absolute GLS was lower in the CMD group than in the control group (all P<0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that longer IVCT, higher Tei index, higher time to PSD and lower absolute GLS were the independent risk factors of CMD. The ROC curve revealed that the predicting efficacy on CMD was satisfactiory with the combined predictors: AUC=0.884, sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 80%. Conclusions: TDI combined with 2D-STI is associated with a good diagnostic value on the diagnosis of CMD and left ventricular dysfunction in patients with ANOCA, which provides a feasible non-invasive tool for the diagnosis of CMD and risk stratification of patients with ANOCA.

Application of vacuum stretcher combined with feeding in cranial magnetic resonance imaging examination for neonates: a prospective randomized controlled study / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the effect and safety of vacuum stretcher combined with feeding in cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination for neonates.@*METHODS@#A prospective study was performed for the neonates with hyperbilirubinemia, with a gestational age of >34 weeks and stable vital signs, who needed cranial MRI examination and did not need oxygen inhalation hospitalized in the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, from September to November, 2019. The neonates were randomly divided into a vacuum stretcher combined with feeding group and a conventional sedation group. Vital signs were monitored before, during, and after MRI examination. The success rate of MRI procedure was recorded.@*RESULTS@#A total of 80 neonates were enrolled in the study, with 40 neonates in the vacuum stretcher combined with feeding group and 40 in the conventional sedation group. The vacuum stretcher combined with feeding group had a significantly higher success rate of MRI procedure than the conventional sedation group (P0.05). No complications, such as apnea, acute allergic reactions, and malignant fever, were observed.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Vacuum stretcher combined with feeding can improve the success rate of MRI procedure and reduce the use of sedatives, and meanwhile, it does not increase related risks.

Effect of Yuehua Capsule on Autophagy of Macrophage Infected with Multi-drug Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::This study aims to explore the effect and mechanism of Yuehua capsule serum for autophagy of macrophages infected with multi-drug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis. Method::The rats were undertaken intragastric gavage with Yuehua capsule by 3.02 g·kg-1 once a day which was produced through low temperature condensation drying method. After 7 days, blood of abdominal aorta of rats was collected to prepare Yuehua capsule serum. RAW264.7 andmultidrug resistant tuberculosis were cultured in vitro.According to cell counting kit-8(CCK-8), 10% drug-containing serum was considered as the effective concentration. The cultured cells were divided into four groups: model groups(10% fetal bovine serum). Yuehua capsule serum(10% Yuehua capsule serum). Autophagy inhibitor group+ 3-MA+ Yuehua capsule medicated serum(3-MA+ 10% Yuehua capsule serum). Rapamycin (Rap) positive control group(200 mg·L-1 Rap+ 10% Yuehua capsule serum). Except for the normal group, the cells of each group were cultured for 24 h and infected for 4 h according to cell-bacteria 1∶10.Testing index: observation of autophagosomes under transmission electron microscope, the test of expression of microtubule-associated protein light chain-3Ⅱ(LC-3Ⅱ), microtubule-associated protein LC 3-Ⅱ/microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-Ⅰ(LC3-Ⅰ) and Beclin-1 with Western blot, indirect immunofluorescence staining for LC3B, and mRNA of Beclin-1 as well as LC3 with real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(Real-time PCR). Result::Compared with normal group, model group did not see autophagy body cells, cells in the LC-3 Ⅱ, LC-3 Ⅱ/LC-3 Ⅰ, Beclin-1 protein and LC3, Beclin-1 mRNA gene expression level had no significant change, the cells without fluorescent particles, spots, no fluorescence intensity.Compared with model group, Yuehua capsules serum group and Rap positive control group can be observed the formation of phage, mRNA andprotein expression levelof LC-3 Ⅱ, LC-3 Ⅱ/LC-3 Ⅰ, Beclin-1 and LC3, Beclin-1 were significantly increased (P<0.05). Autophagy inhibitor group+ 3-MA+ Yuehua capsule medicated serum did not see autophagy, the mRNA and protein expression level of LC-3 Ⅱ, LC-3Ⅱ/LC-3Ⅰ, Beclin-1 and LC3, Beclin-1 were no significantly increased. Conclusion::Yuehua capsule medicated serum could induce autophagy of macrophages of RAW264.7.The mechanism was probably accomplished through regulating the expression level of autophagy key protein LC3, autophagosome mature protein Beclin-1 and relevant gene, meanwhile the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-Ⅱ was accelerated.

FDA reform of inspection agency by product types and its enlightenment / 国际药学研究杂志

This article takes FDA reform of inspection agency by product types as the research object, analyzes its content and characteristics, and discusses the implementation effects with the statistical data based on the number of FDA warning letters is sued. The results of the analysis revealed that the number of warning letters issued increased while the interval between inspection and issuing warning letters decreased, which indicated that the FDA inspection and enforcement activities became more effective and effi cient. For further improvement of the drug administration in China, we need to improve the classification of product-based inspection force, and strengthen the interdepartmental coordination.

Efficacy of weight adjusted bone mineral content in osteoporosis diagnosis in Chinese female population / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) applied for osteoporosis diagnosis unavoidably results in the missingdiagnosis in patients with large bones and misdiagnosis in those with small bones. Therefore, we try to find a new adjusted index of bone mineral content (BMC) to make up shortcomings of aBMD in osteoporosis diagnosis.@*METHODS@#In this multi-center epidemiological study, BMC and aBMD of lumbar spines (n = 5510) and proximal femurs (n = 4710) were measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). We analyzed the correlation between the bone mass and body weight in all subjects including four age groups (50 years). And then the body weight was used for standardizing BMC (named wBMC) and applied for the epidemiological analysis of osteoporosis.@*RESULTS@#The correlation of body weight and BMC is 0.839 to 0.931 of lumbar vertebra 1-4 (L1-4), and 0.71 to 0.95 of femoral neck in different age groups. When aBMD was applied for diagnosing osteoporosis, the prevalence was 7.55%, 16.39%, and 25.83% in patients with a high, intermediate, and low body weight respectively. However, the prevalence was 21.8%, 18.03%, and 11.64% by wBMC applied for diagnosing osteoporosis. Moreover, the prevalence of osteoporosis increased by 3.76% by wBMC with the body weight increased by 5 kg. The prevalence decreased by 1.94% when the body weight decreased by 5 kg.@*CONCLUSIONS@#wBMC can reduce the missed diagnosis in patients with large body weight and reduce misdiagnosis in those with small body weight. Including children, wBMC may be feasible for osteoporosis diagnosis individuals at any age.

Research progress on microparticles and cancer / 解放军医学杂志

[Abstract] Microparticles are the submicron vesicles from all kinds of cells produced when cells are activated or apoptosis. Microparticles may transmit messages to target cells, participate in various pathological and physiological processes as well as the occurrence and development of cancer. In cancer, microparticles can promote coagulation and angiogenesis, participate in cancer proliferation and metastasis, and have some prognostic and therapeutic value.

Molecular regulatory pathways associated with posterior capsular opacification / 眼科新进展

Cataract surgery is one of the most common and mature eye surgeries in the world,and the procedures include the removal of turbid lens and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation,which can better restore the patient' s vision.Posterior capsular opacification (PCO),also known as secondary cataract,is one of the most coramon complications after cataract surgery,seriously affecting the surgical efficacy.Two to five years after cataract surgery,PCO-induced loss of vision accounted for 20％-40％ of patients.PCO is a fibrotic disease,and its mechanism has become an important medical topic.It has been demonstrated that the residual lens epithelial cells (LECs) in the equatorial and anterior capsule region after surgery have become fibroblasts and myofibroblasts via proliferation,migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) accompanied by extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis,eventually leading to the occurrence of PCO.A series of growth factors and signaling pathways participate and play a key role in the initiation and development of PCO.In this review,recent advances in molecular regulation pathways associated with PCO will be summarized,and the possible methods interfering with PCO will be explored.

Detection and clinical significance of peripheral blood follicular helper T cells in autoimmune encephalitis patients / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the proportion of follicular helper T cells(Tfh) and its clinical significance in peripheral blood of patients with autoimmune encephalitis(AE).Methods:①Cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) specimen was collected from the patients who were confirmed to have autoantibodies associated with autoimmune encephalitis,and the CSF was incubated with frozen sections of rat brain tissue,and the immunofluorescence staining was performed. ②17 patients were collected (3 cases with anti LGI1 antibody positive,3 cases with anti GABAR antibody positive,11 cases with anti NMDAR antibody positive, and 1 case with anti NMDAR antibody,anti GABAR antibody and anti AMPA2 antibody positive).All of the above,21 samples were collected with peripheral blood:6 cases with no therapy;15 cases with therapy(contains 8 remission ones and 7 no remission ones).15 healthy controls(control group) were collected. The percentage of CD3+CD4+CXCR5+PD1+T cells were detected by flow cytometry (FCM).The correlation between the Tfh cells and the disease recovery was also analyzed.Results:①Cerebrospinal fluid of patients incubated with frozen sections of rat brain tissue,immunofluorescence staining results showed positive reaction.②The flow cytometry results showed that the percentage of peripheral blood Tfh cells in patients with untreated group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.001),and after treatment the percentage of Tfh in no improved group was higher than improved group(P<0.05).But the percentage of Tfh cells had no statistical difference between the improved group and the control group(P=0.107).Conclusion:The increase of peripheral blood Tfh cells percentage in the AE patients may contribute to the occurrence and development of AE.

Effects of Therapy of Wound Pus Promoting Granulation Tissue Growth on Related Factors of Granulation Tissue in Rat Chronic Skin Ulcers Based on Drug-wound Interaction / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To observe the effects of therapy of wound-pus promoting granulation tissue growth guided by drug-wound interaction theory on the related factors in granulation tissue during the healing of chronic skin ulcer in rats based on drug-wound interaction. Methods Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, control group, and treatment group, 6 rats in each group. The rats in the normal group had no skin ulcer and was given normal feeding,and the rats with chronic skin ulcer in the other 3 groups were induced by compound factors-overlapped method of hormone intervention-skin defect-bacterial infection. After modeling,the model group was given external use of saline gauze dressing,the control group given external use of vaseline gauze dressing,and the treatment group given external use of Shengji Xiangpi Ointment,changing fresh dressing for wound daily,the treatment lasting for 14 days. Wound sample was taken from the left back of rats, and therapeutic effect was evaluated according to the changes in the wound surface of the rat right back. After intervention for 3,7,and 14 d,the secreta and granulation tissue in the wound surface of rats were observed, the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), arginine-1 (Arg-1), and Notch1 in granulation tissue of rat ulcer wound were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The wound in the treatment group has been healed after treatment for 14 days (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 as compared with the diameter of the ulcer in the model group and the control group) . At the early stage of wound repairing (3 d),the expression levels of VEGF and Arg-1 in the treatment group were increased, and Notch1 expression level was decreased, the difference being statistically significant as compared with those of the model group and the control group (P < 0.05). At the late stage of wound repairing (14 d),the expression level of iNOS in the treatment group was increased,and the difference was statistically significant as compared with that of the model group(P < 0.05). Conclusion The therapy of wound-pus promoting granulation tissue growth guided by drug-wound interaction theory can promote the healing of chronic skin ulcerative wound in rats and improve the general condition of rats. The therapeutic mechanism may be associated with firstly inhibiting the expression of iNOS induced by M1 type macrophage at early stage and then promoting M2 type macrophage phenotype index Arg-1 expression,and regulating the expression of VEGF and Notch1 in the granulation tissue.

Research progress in Helicobacter pylori and liver disease / 第二军医大学学报

Helicobacter pylori is a microaerophilic bacterium which parasitizes in the digestive tract and is closely related to the occurrence of various gastrointestinal diseases, such as chronic gastritis, gastric ulcers and so on. Recently, studies have shown that majority of patients with liver disease also suffer from Helicobacter pylori infection, but the correlation between them and the specific mechanism remain unclear. Through reviewing the related literatures, this review summarized the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and the development and progression of liver diseases, such as chronic hepatitis, fatty liver, liver cancer and hepatic encephalopathy, etc.

Significance of PLSCR1 in Matrine Induced Differentiation of ATRA Resistant APL Cells / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the expression of phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) in matrine (MAT) induced differentiation of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) resistant acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells, and to explore its correlation to cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) signal pathway.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>NB4 (an APL cell line sensitive to ATRA) and NB4-R1 (a resistant strain of ATRA) were observed as subjects in this study. Effects of combined treatment of 0.1 mmol/L MAT and 1 [mol/L ATRA on the differentiation of two cell lines were detected using nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test and flow cytometry (CD11b). Expressions of PML/RARot and PLSCR1 protein/gene were detected using Western blot and Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR assay. Meanwhile, H89, PKA antagonist, was used to observe cell differentiation antigen and changes of aforesaid proteins and genes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MAT combined ATRA could significantly elevate positive rates of NBT and CD11 b in NB4-R1 cells, and significantly down-regulate the expression of PML/RARapha-fusion protein/gene (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). ATRA used alone could obviously enhance the expression of PLSCRI in NB4 cells at protein and mRNA levels (P < 0.01). But the expression of PLSCR1 was up-regulated in NB4-R1 cells, but with statistical.difference only at the protein level (P <0. 01). In combination of MAT, PLSCR1 protein expression was further elevated in the two cell lines (P < 0.01). Besides, there was statistical difference in mRNA expressions in NB4-R1 cells (P < 0.05). All these actions could be reversed by treatment of 10 micromol/L H89 (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MAT combined ATRA could significantly induce the differentiation of NB4-R1 cells, and inhibit the expression of PML/RARalpha fusion gene/protein, which might be associated with up-regulating PLSCR1 expression.</p>

Research Progress on Pathogenesis of Aplastic Anemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

Aplastic anemia is a disease characterized by low bone marrow hematopoietic function and derease of whole blood cells caused by a variety of reasons. Its pathogenesis includes abnormality of hematopoietic stem cells (seed theory), hematopoietic microenvironment (soil theory) and immune function (such as worms theory). These 3 causes of disease interact each other and facilitate the development of aplastic anemia, thereby increase the complexity of the etiological diagnosis and uncertainty of treatment. On this basis, this review summarizes the latest research progress on the blood supply of bone marrow microcirculation in the hematopoietic microenvironment, stromal cells, cytokins, the immune function of dendritic cells, natural killer cells, T cell subgroup, the secretion of cytokines, cell signal transduction, and hematopoietic stem cell gene abnormality to provides the theoretic basis for the diagnosis and treatment of aplastic anemia.

Effects of Hemerocallis citrine baroni flavonids on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis of rats / 药学学报

This study is designed to explore the possible effects of Hemerocallis citrina baroni flavonids (HCBF) on liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 in rats. The liver fibrosis model was induced by CCl4, and HCBF were administered by gastric perfusion at 25 and 50 mg x kg(-1) qd for 50 days, while the contents of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), maleic dialdehyde (MDA) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were measured and the contents of PINP were measured in liver tissue, and the expression of TGF-β1 were observed by immunohistochemisty and Western blot. The pathological changes of liver tissue were examined by HE. The results showed that HCBF (25, 50 mg x kg(-1)) improved the liver function significantly through reducing the level of ALT, AST, GGT and ALP (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and increasing the content of SOD (P < 0.01), while reducing the content of MDA (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), the expression of TGF-β1 (P < 0.05) and the content of PINP (P < 0.05). The results suggest that HCBF (25, 50 mg x kg(-1)) may inhibit the liver injury induced by CCl4 by decreasing the oxidative stress.

Research advance on the role of ubiquitin proteasome pathway in acute promyelocytic leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by PML-RARa expression. Ubiquitin proteasome-pathway (UPP) plays a key role in all-trans retinoid acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO)-induced degradation. In addition, the regulations of cell cycle and transcription are also related to this pathway. Deeply studying the role of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in APL contributes to elucidate the mechanisms of some drugs and explode the clinical therapeutical insight for APL. In this article, the constitution of UPP, the role of UPP-mediated protein modification in APL, the application of ubiquitination-associated drugs in APL are reviewed.

Chemical constituents with anti-oxidative activity from fruits of Illicium micranthum / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents with anti-oxidative activity from the fruits of Illicium micranthum. Methods: DPPH Radical scavenging assay was used for screening the active fractions. The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by various column chromatographic methods such as silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. The structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analyses. Results: The ethyl acetate layer of methanol extract from the fruits of I. micranthum showed anti-oxidative activity, from which 14 compounds were separated. Their structures were identified as gynurenol (1), β-elemol (2), epi-carrisone (3), 6-hydroxy-eudesm-4(14)-ene (4), β-eudesmol (5), trans-eudesmane-4, 11-diol (6), 1R, 2R, 4R-trihydroxy-p-menthane (7), 2-isopropenyl-5-methyl-cyclohexanol (8), (-)-isopulegol (9), 4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-cyclohexanol (10), palmitic acid (11), triacontanoic acid (12), p-hydroxy-benzoic acid (13), and β-daucosterol (14). Conclusion: Except for compound 14, all the other compounds are isolated from the fruits of I. micranthum for the first time, while compounds 1-4, 7, and 8 are isolated from the plants in Illiciaceae family for the first time.

Chemical constituents from flower buds of She Medicine Magnolia liliflora / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the flower buds of She Medicine Magnolia liliflora. Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 columns. Their structures were elucidated by the physicochemical and spectroscopic evidences. Results: Seven compounds were isolated from the methanol extracts in the flower buds of M. liliflora and were identified as monolignol glucosides (1), (1S, 3R)-1-(3, 4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-2-[4-(3-hydroxy-propyl) - 2-methoxy-phenoxy]-propane-1, 3-diol (2), 3', 4-O-dimetbylcedrusin (3), 4-O-metbylcedrusin (4), β-daucosterol (5), β-sitosterol (6), and kaempferol-3-O-(6″-trans-p-coumaroyl) - α-D-mannosepyran-glucoside (7). Conclusion: All of these compounds are isolated from the flower buds of M. liliflora for the first time. Compounds 3, 4, and 7 are first isolated from the plants in Magnolia L. Compound 1 is isolated from the natural products for the first time, and the 13C-NMR data of compound 1 are expounded for the first time.

Prevalence of allergic rhinitis and survey analysis of health service needs and utilization in Qingdao area / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the need and utilization for health services in patients with allergic rhinitis in Qingdao area.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>An investigation was conducted by the method of combining multi-stage sampling and cluster sampling. SPSS 13.0 software was used to analyse the data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among Two thousand and four hundred questionnaires, two thousand and fifty-two questionnaires were available. The effective rate was 85.5%. The total two-week prevalence in male was 6.5%, while that in female was 6.2%. There was no significant difference between male and female (χ(2) = 0.103, P > 0.05). The total ratio of those who visited doctors was 1.7%. The ratio of those who visited doctors in the first two weeks was 26.7% (35/131). 49.0% of non-users of health service thought it was unnecessary to consult a doctor because of mild symptoms. In the investigation about the allergic rhinitis, 60.2% patients (1235/2052) confessed that they heard of allergic rhinitis, 30.0% patients (616/2052) thought of allergic rhinitis was common cold.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The number of patients treated for allergic rhinitis was less than its prevalence. The primary reason for low attendance was that the majority of patients with mild symptoms thought it was no need to see a doctor. In order to improve the residents' health services utilization, medical education for allergic rhinitis is necessary.</p>